Wednesday, September 30, 2009

Remembering Why I Love Trader Joe's

I first came to experience Trader Joe's while serving as the Oracle Consulting tech lead on an Oracle ERP implementation project for the City of Oakland, CA back in 1998. Oracle had leased some corporate apartments in Emeryville; Oracle felt there was no need for us to rent cars, because there was a nearby BART station (to get to the client site in downtown Oakland) nearby and a shopping mall with a large food court across the street. Some of my colleagues didn't like to do fast food and had very specific dietary preferences; a couple of people on the project did have cars, and every once in a while, I got invited along for a ride to a grocery. There was this buzz in the car about Trader Joe's, so we went to a local store.

The first thing I noticed when I went into the store was the people, in particular a few silver-haired hippies and, of course, a number of yuppies (in most cases, the kind of people you might find at a Whole Foods). It doesn't quite fit the stereotype of a health food store; you won't find the bulk food canisters. What you will find is what I would consider a healthier version of a supermarket concept (e.g., no junk food but healthier version of snack foods) without the premium prices of a Whole Foods. It also differs by carrying mostly its own private brands (with a small number of competitively-priced healthier brand items, e.g., McCann's Oatmeal and Food for Life breads).

You will find a wider variety of healthier foods with a twist I would term as premium private-label foods. In most cases, we think of store or generic brands as less expensive, comparable quality variations of branded foods. Trader Joe's marries the concept of low prices with healthier, quality ingredient food variations, often with innovative twists. Let me discuss a couple of illustrative examples from the list below. You can purchase a 1 lb. jar of organic unsalted crunchy peanut butter made from Valencia peanuts for $2.99, and a dozen brown large cage-free (i.e., high Omega-3) eggs for $2.69. In contrast, my local supermarket starts Eggland's Best at over $3 a dozen--and organic and/or cage-free eggs are at a significant premium to that price.

Some drawbacks:
  • Trader Joe's doesn't have locations in every state. I sometimes write about Trader Joe's to my mom in Texas, and she points out there aren't any local stores.
  • Trader Joe's maintains a small number of stores in an area. [I used to have to drive to Bethesda until they opened up a location in Columbia (technically, Elkridge).]
  • Whereas Trader Joe's is on the web, it doesn't have an Internet storefront (and it doesn't sound like they have any near-term plans to do so).
Sample Checkout Tape

McCann's Irish Oatmeal tin, $4.99
TJ Soy (Milk) Essential (unsweetened), 1 quart, $1.69 (2)
Butternut Squash Soup, 1 quart, $2.49
Unsalted Macadamia Nuts, 12 oz., $6.29
Brazil Nuts, 1 lb., $4.49
Raw Mixed Nuts, 1 lb., $4.99
Dark Chocolate Jet Black Cocoa Almonds, 1 lb., $4.99
Sunflower Seed Nut Butter, 1 lb., $3.99
Frozen Berry Medley (blackberry, raspberry, blueberry), 1 lb., 3.29
Buffalo Jerky, 3.5 oz., $4.99
Low Carb Whole Wheat Tortilla, 10 small, $2.69 (2)
TJ Oat Bran, 2 lbs., $2.69
Organic Extra Dark Chocolate Bar with Almonds, 3.5 oz., $1.99
Tetra Garden Patch Soup, 1 quart, $2.99
Swiss Dark Chocolate Bar with Hazelnuts, 7 oz., $3.99
Organic Crunchy Peanut Butter, 1 lb., $2.99
Ground Buffalo Patties, 20 oz., $5.69
Wild Alaska Sockeye Salmon Fillets, 7.99/lb, $8.47
Large Brown Cage Free Eggs, 1 dozen, $2.69
Lime Chile Mixed Nuts, 1 lb., $3.99
Canned Wild-Caught Pacific Red Salmon, 7.5 oz, $2.49 (2)
Crunchy Raw Almond Butter, 1 lb., $4.99
Whole-Wheat Pretzel Sticks, 12 oz., 1.99
Mini-Pearl Tomatoes, $2.49
Fresh Strawberries, 2 lbs., $4.99
5" Whole Wheat Pita, 8 pack, $1.49
Multi-Grain Wheat Sprouted Bread, 24 oz., $3.49
Whole Wheat English Muffins, half-dozen, $1.49

Just a few minor complaints: I would like my local store to carry frozen venison, grass-fed beef, and ostrich. (I have purchased venison at other locations in the past.) I'm not impressed with my store's current selection of tortillas/flat breads (I think they carry one lavash item in their fresh bread section. They do carry a few tortilla items in their refrigerated deli section. It would be nice if they carried Tumaro's, Flatout, or La Tortilla or offered a comparable private-label product).

An Abridged List of Free Recipe Links

Free Downloadable Recipe Books

Courtesy of Gizmo's Freeware, there is a webpage (click here) which maintains links for free downloadable cooking, food, and wine books in various e-book or audio formats. ["Free" does not include any related, applicable Internet service/download fee.]  NOTE: I have not personally pre-screened these recipes for nutritional value, and relevant e-book formats may require you to locate and install additional software on your PC. (Freeware viewers are available for most or all common e-book formats.)

Recipe Bookmarks


Here is an abridged list of recipe portal links from my personal bookmark collection. [Note: although I am not diabetic, there are relevant risk factors, and I believe in eating in a proactive, preventive manner, e.g., taking into account factors such as glycemic index/load.]:

123Drinks Free Mixed Drinks Recipe Website Cocktails Alcohol
All recipes – complete resource for recipes and cooking tips
American Recipes, on USA.gov
Arielle's Recipe Archives: Cajun
Bed & Breakfast Inns ONLINE - Cooking * Food * Dining
Beef Recipes
CDC Recipes
CookingCache.com
Cooks.com - Recipe Search and More
Cooks Recipes
Free Cooking Recipes
20 Quick Crock-Pot Recipes | Food | Disney Family.com
American Diabetes Association
Diabetic Recipes - Recipes by Category
Diabetic Recipes
Eating Well Recipe
efooddepot Recipe 
Epicurious.com: Recipes
Esquire's Recipes for Men - Esquire
Food Network
Gourmet Recipes Delicious Meals
Group Recipes - Food Social Network
 iChef
Incredible Egg Recipe
Love to Know Recipes
MayoClinic.com Healthy Recipes
Meal-Master Recipes
MrBreakfast.com
MyRecipes.com
Native American Foods -- Recipes
NetworkedBlogs.com Recipes
NIH Recipes
Recipe.com
Recipe Archive Index
Recipe Center
Recipe Cottage: Home Cooking Recipes
Recipe Goldmine
RecipeLand
Recipelink.com
RecipeLion.com
RecipeSource
Recipe Trove
Recipes Wiki
Recipezaar
Canned Salmon Recipes
Santa's Net Christmas Recipes
Simply Recipes Food and Cooking Blog
SparkRecipes
WebMD Health & Cooking: Recipes
World Famous Recipes
World Hearth Recipe Collection
Yahoo! Directory Recipes

Low-Carbohydrate Recipe Links


Low-carbohydrate plans focus on limiting or eliminating the higher-glycemic (blood sugar-spiking) "white foods" (i.e., flour, potatoes, sugar, and refined rice) and related simple carbs (e.g., fruit juices and many fruits). I personally follow a less-restrictive lower-carb diet; for example, I don't think that emptying muscle glycogen stores is good for a healthy, active lifestyle. However, with breads, "less is more"; for example, if I was to eat pizza, the thinner the crust, the better (e.g., flatbread crust); if available, I would purchase whole-grain varieties. If I go to Subway, I'll order a wrap version of their sandwiches (available on request). [The low-carb purist will insist on making it a salad.]

NOTE: Many of the recipe portals listed above have low-carb recipes which you can access by doing a site search on low-carb. For example, RecipeZaar has a very low carb category with nearly 14,000 recipes and a reduced carbohydrate category with over 60,000 recipes.


Alt.support.diet.low-carb Recipes
Low Carb Cookbook
Low Carb Luxury Recipes
low-carb.com Low Carb Recipes
"My" Lowcarb Recipes

Saturday, September 26, 2009

Nutrition Miscellany: 9/26/09

Sam's Club Update

--Salad Dressings. I noticed on my most recent trip that the club is now carrying twin pack bottles of Hidden Valley Light (40-50% lower fat and calories than the regular brand). Lately though, I've become much critical in reading salad dressing ingredient labels in general (beyond calories); in part, this was stimulated by the fact one of the Rodale websites pointed out a certain guacamole dip I was buying from a supermarket contained more vegetable oils than guacamole. Avocados are an amazingly nutritious fruit (eaten in moderation) and a superb source of monounsaturated fats. Things like soybean oil and high fructose corn syrup automatically set off yellow flags to me. Anyway, I took a pass, although I'm pleased to see lower-calorie versions available.

My personal preference is extra virgin olive oil for salads or cooking (olive oil is almost 75% monounsaturated). A second oil to consider (in a salad dressing, not for cooking) is flaxseed oil, which contains the highest percentage of an Omega-3 fatty acid, ALA. (ALA is a precursor to DHA/EPA, e.g., in fish oil, although we only able to convert a small percentage.) If I have to settle for another oil for salad dressings, the most reasonable alternative is canola oil, which is a runner-up in the monounsaturated and ALA categories. Litehouse (not carried by Sam's Club) has a jalapeño ranch (made with canola oil) that I like. [On a side note, beware of products which give you a multiple choice of vegetable oils like soybean or canola. I'm always going to assume the worst case scenario.]

The other thing I try to look for in salad dressings is how the product is sweetened. I mentioned in my Favorite Things post that I have purchased Walden Farms (which is sweetened with sucralose). Kraft used to offer "Carb Well" products and also used sucralose in its salad dressings (but they also used soybean oil, which is over 50% n-6 PUFA).

--Veggie Dips. I will often purchase the three-lb. bag of fresh broccoli florets; when I eat the broccoli raw and allow myself a dip, there are a couple of relevant items I have purchased from the deli/ prepared foods section of the store. First, my stores sell Yucatan guacamole (the vendor advertises its products as 95% avocado). Most lower-carbers like myself consider avocado as a preferred fruit, with low net carbohydrates and "good" fat (i.e., monounsaturated). Second, it also carries a ready-made branded spinach dip (at about 70 calories for 2 tablespoons).

--Jerky. I never cared much for the taste of jerky when I was a kid. There are a couple of things that made me reconsider: (1) it is portable and doesn't require refrigeration, and (2) you can get jerky for a number of meats or fish which can be hard to obtain in fresh or frozen form in many supermarkets, e.g., venison, ostrich, buffalo or salmon. Sam's Club offers some economical values on varieties of Jack Link's. (I have separately purchased Ostrim, a blend of ostrich and beef.) A 1-to-1.5 ounce high-protein, low-fat stick at under 100 calories is one way I cope with occasional between-meal dieter munchies.

--New Fad: Water Bottles. I recently purchased a reusable Clear2Go water bottle from Clear2O (not stocked by Sam's Club); this comes with a replaceable water filter attached to the lid. A principal concern is not having plastic that leaches into your drinking water and in particular is BPA-free (BPA is thought to be related to insulin resistance). The Clear2Go bottle is made of LDPE #4 (which is one of the non-leaching plastics). Of course, you can always fill a water bottle from a filtered water cooler or dispenser, but with this unit, you can refill your water bottle from any public source away from home. In any event, I was shopping for replacement filters for my Brita UltraMax and noticed most of the water filter container packages (e.g., Brita and Pur) seem to come bundled with free water bottles. Anything which that facilitates dieter exercise and good quality drinking water is a good thing.

The Angus Burger Wars

As a small investor, I have been interested in how McDonald's (and its competitors, such as Burger King) would finally address the premium burger segment, which is a mainstay in casual dining chains like Fuddruckers, Chili's, and others. Well, it seems as if they've decided on a particular cattle breed, a bigger burger (from a quarter to a third of a pound), more upscale fixings (e.g., types of cheese) and a bakery-style bun; it comes with a premium price tag and steep increases of calories (starting at over 640), fat, and sodium. [Heaven forbid instead of increasing portion size (I think a quarter-pound is enough), they should think of something like marinating burgers or seasonings beyond salt and pepper or offering customers a choice of  low-fat cheeses, condiments or a whole-grain bun!]

Hats off to Denny's for going beyond the typical fast food executive excuse ("our customers don't want to buy healthier food") for its innovative "Better for You" menu options, including things like smaller portions of calorie/fat-intensive foods (What a concept! Portion control! In a restaurant!), reduced-sodium food preparation, and vegetable sticks and fruit slices for kids.

The Thin Roll Wars

I've mentioned in past posts my fondness for Arnold's Multigrain Sandwich Thins (100 calories). (Speaking  of burgers, I like to get my George Foreman grill up and running, fry a low-fat burger and add a fat-free slice of cheese, a layer of baby spinach leaves, picante sauce, mustard, onions and some sliced jalapeño peppers. A quarter-pound burger fits the thin roll quite nicely.) Pepperidge Farm has come out with a competitive product, Deli Flats, which come in 3 flavors (100% whole wheat, 7-grain, and oatmeal). They also market a brand of very thin bread slices (about 45 calories) Let's hope the trend catches on (less is more). Of course, if you want to do away with bread altogether, you could try a trick every lower-carb dieter knows--substitute large lettuce leaves for bread...

Nutrition Action Looks at Nuts

If you read my last post, you know that I am a skeptic on the Lipid Hypothesis (the CSPI is in the tank for it). You would think the facts that some ethnic groups (e.g., Eskimos) have existed on diets high in saturated fats without significant coronary heart disease, that some studies show much of clogging arterial plaque consists of polyunsaturated fats, and that saturated fat is necessary for number of purposes (including calcium absorption, a preferred nutrient for vital organs, cell stability, and an improved immune system), and that mother's milk largely consists of fat, most of it saturated, would lead some people to pause before replacing saturated fat in one's diet with polyunsaturated Omega-6 fats (i.e., most vegetable oils and shortening, used in many packaged and deep fried foods), unbalanced without enough Omega-3 fats in one's body (particularly DHA/EPA, found in oily fish).

Generally, I frown with overly simplistic dietary heuristics and prefer nutritional diversity.  One of the differences I had with lower-carb contacts was their choice of vegetables based strictly on carbohydrate grams, even though vegetables vary in vitamins and minerals.

Nuts and seeds vary in vitamins, minerals, fats, etc. The October 2009 3-page feature article ("Going Nuts") gives short-shrift to the discussion of minerals (nothing beyond a gratuitous reference to magnesium and copper in the second paragraph) I don't have an issue with their criticisms of excessive salt, sugar, etc., and I don't mind their raising the issues of calories and saturated fats. The question, in my view, is more about limiting one's portions--NOT the number of saturated fat grams in a single serving.

CSPI systematically eliminates macadamia nuts (one of my favorites, a superb source of monounsaturated fat, highest in B vitamins), Brazil nuts (best source of selenium), and cashews  (highest in zinc) from "best bite" consideration, solely based on the ratio of polyunsaturated to saturated fat (re: Lipid Hypothesis).

A couple of other critical notes: David's Sunflower Seeds receive an honorable mention. I had stopped eating David's Sunflower Seeds a while back after I noticed, with considerable dismay, the third ingredient listed on the ingredient panel: partially hydrogenated soybean oil. Even most laymen know once you see "partially hydrogenated", you think "trans fat"; be aware of nutrition labels that read "0 grams of trans fat" because that's an artifact of label reporting requirements (e.g., less than half a gram of trans fats) and serving size. This article didn't say a single word about process-generated trans fats, even though they are worse than any other type of fat.

Finally, if I was going to pick a favorite nut, it's easy--almonds, hands down (best source of calcium and fiber, high in protein, vitamin E and monounsatured oil). CSPI got on my bad side by refusing to rate Emerald Almonds Cocoa Roast (there are additional health benefits for dark chocolate), a best buy or honorable mention, primarily because the producers use a small amount of acesulfame potassium (an FDA-approved artificial sweetener) in conjunction with sucralose. [This product is one of my favorite things.] CSPI has a known ax to grind against  this sweetener, based on cancer-related concerns, which the FDA and other organizations reject.

Tuesday, September 8, 2009

Coping With Conflicting Nutrition Guidelines and Evidence

Monica Reinagel of the Nutrition Data Blog recently posted an article entitled "More Evidence That Saturated Fat Has Been Falsely Accused?" The article begins by noting a commentary which summarizes a statistical relationship between obesity (particularly visceral or abdominal fat) interacting with insulin resistance and cancer. Thus, weight loss is seen as a key strategy in cancer prevention.

Nutrition and Obesity: Are Misguided Dietary Guidelines a Contributing Factor?


Diet and exercise. Ah, diet: that's the rub. We have a number of often contradicting guidelines; the orthodox diet point of view over the past 40 years has been the low-fat paradigm, but even with a supermarket flooded with low-fat products and slumping sales in higher-fat products like butter and cream, we see a growing prevalence of obesity, even young schoolchildren developing type-2 diabetes in unprecedented numbers. Could dietary changes, e.g., from away from dairy fats, eggs, whole grains, and minimally processed meats be part of the story?

Background: Why the Low-Fat Diet


We often discuss the macronutrients protein, fat, and carbohydrates; with protein and carbs at 4 calories per gram and fats at 9 calories per gram. If we look at restricting the diet based on food grams, limiting fat grams has been the classical low-fat diet to cutting calories and weight. [There are some important nuances; for instance, protein and medium-chain triglycerides (e.g., lauric acid, the saturated fat in coconut oil) have thermogenic effects. Proteins require more digestive processing, using about 10% of caloric intake, and MCT's are readily converted to energy for metabolism.]

Fats are primarily categorized as monounsaturated (MUFA), polyunsaturated (PUFA), and saturated fats. Monounsaturated fats (e.g., olive oil) tend to lower LDL (bad cholesterol), polyunsaturated fats tend to lower both LDL and HDL (good cholesterol). Saturated fats tend to raise both LDL and HDL. (The relationship between saturated fat and HDL is in dispute.) Polyunsaturated fats can further be subdivided into Omega-3 (n-3) and Omega-6 (n-6). These are considered essential fatty acids, i.e., our bodies do not manufacture them and hence depend on dietary sources. Omega-3 fatty acids, which tend to be understated in the American diet, are found in cold-water fish (DHA/EPA, e.g., in salmon and sardines), and certain plant forms (ALA, in flaxseed and walnuts); relevant benefits include better brain function, favorable cardiovascular characteristics (eg., anti-inflammatory and anti-coagulant), and some protection from certain cancers. Omega-6 fats include most vegetable oils and shortening, typically overstated in the American diet; they are generally considered inflammatory but promote healthy hair, skin, and nails and help regulate hormonal and emotional balance. Omega-3 and Omega-6 fatty acids interact with each other, so a proper balance is important.

Controversies Over Dietary Fats

In particular, saturated fat has been the focus of much debate; some studies show a significant relationship between a high saturated fat diet and coronary heart disease/stroke and atherosclerosis (hardening of the arteries) or between saturated fat and cholesterol (also considered linked to coronary heart disease). Enig and Fallon, however, note that the American diet at the turn of the twentieth century (when CHD was not a significant public health issue) was much higher in consumption in animal saturated fats (e.g., butter, tallow and lard); the primary American dietary shift in the early twentieth century, was from animal fats to vegetable oils, shortening and hard margarine. (Dr. Enig, I note with amusement, refers to her food industry and enabling government bureaucrats and establishment critics as "dictocrats". She makes a compelling case of academic politics and pervasive bureaucratic groupthink.)

Among other things, Enig has focused on dangerous trans fats (which have a double whammy of raising bad cholesterol and lowering good cholesterol); her dissertation suggested that trans fats impede the effectiveness of enzymes in dealing with carcinogens. [Trans fats are generated in the process of hydrogenating heat-unstable (primarily Omega-6) vegetable oils, which enables baking and improves food product shelf life; deep-frying with partially hydrogenated vegetable shortening, a staple for many fast-food restaurants, is another important dietary source.] She also cites a long list of studies of adverse affects related to vegetable oil consumption (for example, one 1994 study reported about three-quarters of an artery clog was unsaturated fats, and other studies mention adverse affects on mineral or Omega-3 metabolism).

One of the relevant points of discussion is the ratio of Omega-6 to Omega-3 polyunsaturated fats in the diet. Iin a more natural food setting, this is roughly 2:1; in a more contemporary diet, this ratio can range from nearly 10-20:1.

What comes to mind is the old adage: "you are what you eat". We see this clearly from examples in egg and meat production. Many "free-range" hens or hens fed (high Omega-3) flaxseed meal produce eggs higher in vitamin E and lower in calories and fats. In finishing animals (fattening them up for butchery), cattle have often been fed Omega-6 feed (e.g., corn and soybeans, which have certain thyroid-suppressing effects) Farmers also discovered when they added coconut to pig's diets, pigs LOST weight. Ironically, in attempting to meet the current orthodox demand for leaner meats, pigs may be finished with saturated fats (like beef tallow or coconut) instead of soybean oil. A recent study in Pig Progress , with authors sympathetic to the orthodox benefits of polyunsaturated fats, comparing the effects of sunflower oil diet to a beef tallow diet, did not report any changes in meat quality, but discovered a significant difference in adipose tissues reflecting the nature of the diets (with the beef tallow-diet animals higher in saturated and monounsaturated fats and lower in polyunsaturated fat) and the sunflower oil-diet pig fat with an unsatisfactorily high n-6 to n-3 PUFA ratio.

Similar concepts occur in other dietary decisions. For instance, grass-fed cows produce milk with a higher concentration of CLA, a "good" natural trans fat believed to help enhance insulin sensitivity, resist increases in belly fat, and raise good (HDL) cholesterol. Grass-fed meat producers claim a more ideal, natural Omega-6 to Omega-3 ratio. We also see that age (and the accumulative effects of nutritional choices over a lifetime) may be a factor in phenomena like atherosclerosis; Enig cites a number of studies showing comparable results across cultures with different diets. One reason I will eat sardines and younger tuna (cf. Wild Planet brand) or wild seafood (e.g., versus farm-raised salmon) deals with minimizing the risk of metabolized contaminants.

The Anomalous Studies Cited By Ms. Reinagel

The Danish study reported on macronutrient intakes and waist circumference. Waist circumference (> 35" for women, > 40" for men) is considered to be a high risk indicator for several conditions (e.g., diabetes, heart disease, etc.) The typical orthodox advice is to limit sources of saturated fat (including beef, eggs, dairy and red meat), substitute leaner meats (e.g., chicken), and replace them with polyunsaturated fats and carbohydrates. The study looked at results by gender along 21 food and beverage categories for a 5-year period of men and women (analyzed separately) between the ages of 50 and 64. What's particularly interesting is that for both genders, the consumption of red meat was inversely related to waist size, and for women, the consumption of dairy fats (e.g., butter, cheese, and cream) was also inversely related (whereas processed meats, poultry, and potatoes were directly related). Reinagel mentions, "Some would argue that a diet higher in fat and protein may be lower in carbohydrates and that carbohydrates drive insulin resistance and obesity." In particular, I would suggest (and I believe Enig would agree) that higher amounts of "bad" (high-glycemic) carbohydrates, n-6 PUFA's and trans fats are problematic, and minimally-processed whole foods (e.g., whole grain vs. white flour and unprocessed meats) are underrepresented. I would also add that the thermogenic nature of metabolizing protein and the satiety resulting from fats (including saturated fats) might help dieters limit their aggregate consumption of calories.

The second international study showed no relationship between certain identified foods (with saturated fats) (i.e., meat, eggs, dairy fats) and breast cancer.

Concluding Thoughts

I have not done empirical research in the nutrition sciences, but a number of studies I have seen seem to have issues with things like the use of self-report questionnaires, the nature of sampling (e.g., gender, age groups, etc.), the lack of standard measures/units, statistical power (e.g., small sample sizes), and single vs. multiple observation points. I'm also concerned with the liberal use of guidelines based not on confirmed hypothetical causal links, but motivated by correlational data. These guidelines are not often empirically verified. One classic example is the 8-glasses-of-water rule of thumb. When I attempted to debunk this myth in a low-carb forum a few years back, citing a prominent review on the topic by Heinz Valtin, I ran into a lot of resistance. (Subsequent reviews have repeated the same, and even snopes.com has addressed the issue.)

I am concerned about the amount of groupthink that Dr. Enig has encountered; she has been poking at some of the sacred cows in current medical practice and nutrition, such as putting otherwise healthy people on statin drugs based on arbitrary cholesterol levels. Many cultures (e.g., French, Eskimo and Asian), not to mention our own past, have eaten diets far richer in "banned" saturated fats without comparable CHD statistics. Whereas a more sedentary lifestyle has an obvious effect on a population where a majority of Americans are overweight, we still need to come to terms that the typical American diet today has a disproportionate amount of Omega-6's and trans fats, which are not well-metabolized by our bodies, and underconsumption of Omega-3's, not to mention a surplus of blood sugar-spiking refined or simple carbohydrates (e.g., sugar, breads, potatoes, etc.). We need to ask--if, holding cattle activity constant, cattle gain a lot of weight eating corn or soybeans but get thinner if you add coconut to their diet, do we have reason to believe that these foods are metabolized differently in humans? And if pigs finished on vegetable feed store a disproportionate amount of n-6 PUFA in their adipose issues, what are the implications for losing weight on an n-3 PUFA deficient diet?

I'm not optimistic about the future of useful nutrition research given the predominant Lipid Hypothesis paradigm (not unlike how politically-correct "global warming" groupthink stifles alternative points of view in the scientific community): you won't win grants to sponsor your research, you won't get published in highly visible journals or be hired by quality colleges or food companies, and there is no authentic scientific debate.

What about laymen, such as myself, knowing the scientific community seems unlikely to provide reliable, useful, consistent results in the near future? I think one thing, from my own experience with the development and validation of measures, is that laymen need to express some skepticism about artificial dietary benchmarks--e.g., limit saturated fat to under 10%, limit carbohydrates to under 20 grams daily, etc. Second, consider a variety of foods in one's diet, because meats, vegetables, nuts, etc., can vary in nutrition (e.g., various vitamins and minerals).

Third, be wary of food processing or filtering. Take, for instance, the almost slavish preference for poultry white meat (mostly because of its low-fat nature); dark meat, on the other hand, has almost twice the amount of iron and zinc, key elements of a healthy diet. Another prominent example is vilification of egg yolks (at the expense of egg whites): one estimate is about 90% of the nutrients in an egg are in the yolk. So when people start filtering out nutritious animal parts, cream from milk or elements of an egg or grains (to make white flour) to be consistent with arbitrary dietary restrictions, I believe they need to stop and think: What is the function of these filtered elements? For example, does the yolk provide any useful purpose to a hatching chick? Does dairy cream provide any value for the weaning calf? And if it is nutritionally valuable to a young animal, why would it not be nutritionally valuable to us? The issue, in my view, is not removing these nutritional elements but in enjoying them in moderation.

Finally, keep your diet in aggregate nutritional balance. For instance, I think many (if not most) Americans do not get enough Omega-3's and soluble fiber in their diets. To bring one's n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio in balance, you should decrease the n-6 PUFA's and/or raise the n-3 PUFA's in your diet--and consider eating products where source feed reflects a better nutritional balance (e.g., grass-fed animals).

Sunday, September 6, 2009

A Few of My Favorite Things

This post is devoted to products I am recommending based on past use or considering purchasing based on stated criteria. I do not have any financial interest with any specified vendor, and readers are invited to consider alternative products using relevant criteria or other sources. The Center for Science in the Public Interest publishes the Nutrition Action Health Letter, which often recommends or criticizes food products by name, and Men's Health (cited below) publishes an annual list of best grocery buys, not to mention Rodale's "Eat This, Not That" franchise. (I regularly review these and other sources.)


Diet Foods

As a dieter, I find that I'm turned off by gimmicky flavored nutrition bars (e.g.,apple cinnamon, s'mores, chocolate chip, cookie dough, rocky road, or caramel)  or shakes, especially as a meal substitute for breakfast, lunch, or dinner. Whereas I don't mind varying simple flavors to make a food more interesting, I don't like food manufacturers trying to pass off nutritious food as junk food or candy; it sends the wrong message. Under my current diet regimen of up to 6 small meals daily, I do consider them as a lighter meal.

There are a number of criteria I look for in consideration of these foods, including protein, fiber (especially soluble fiber), and vitamins and minerals, preferably lower in carbohydrates (particularly sugars) and calories. I also like to look for a blend of whole grains, seeds and proteins where applicable.

One of the nutrition shakes I have purchased is EAS Myoplex Lite powder mix. Under 200 calories (when mixed with water), these shakes provides a potent 25 grams of protein (whey and soy blend) and is fortified with 30% or more of the recommended daily requirements of a long list of vitamins and minerals. I'm also a big fan of Gnu Food bars, which pack 12 grams of blended fiber in up to 140-calorie bar.

Salad Dressing
This is one of those things which really irritates me about eating salads in restaurants (especially fast food). I have mixed preferences in this area: I prefer extra virgin olive oil if available, but otherwise I want a low-calorie substitute. [I have found at least one website which specializes in single-serve or travel-sized condiments (including salad dressings, olive oil and picante sauce) and other items: Minimus.] Walden Farms, which I discovered during my low-carb phase, sells a number of no-calorie flavored dressings, syrups, sauces and spreads--including single-serving packets (which are also carried by Minimus).

Breads, Tortillas,  Pasta/Noodles, Crackers

Food for Life is an interesting vendor with Biblical theme products; I originally found some of their organically grown sprouted grain breads (e.g., Ezekiel 4:9) in the frozen food section of my local Safeway. I have written of my fondness for Arnold's Select Multigrain Sandwich Thins, and as I write, my current loaf of bread is Arnold Natural Flax & Fiber; Arnold's products have no high fructose corn syrup. Healthy Life Breads is a vendor that I discovered during my low-carb period (whole wheat bread, about 35 calories a thin slice), but has often been hard to find and is a little pricey.   I have also purchased twin packs of Roman Meal Superseed when available at Sam's Club (watch the calories).

As a born Texan whom attended high school and college and Texas, I have eaten tortillas, tacos and burritos all my adult life. But I think my fondness to the concept of a wrap dates back to when I was a Coopers & Lybrand consultant based out of  the Chicago suburbs; I had an incredible tuna salad wrap at a ground-level small sandwich cafe. [I have pleaded with McDonald's for years to consider chicken salad or tuna salad wraps.and Subway, in my experience, allows one to substitute tortillas in place of their fresh-baked bread.] To this day, one of my favorite meals to make is to mix some water-packed tuna, no-sugar-added relish, low-fat mayonnaise or salad dressing, boiled egg, and a dollop of hot sauce to flavor, and wrap the mixture in a warmed low-carb tortilla. I have enjoyed a number of different lower-carb tortillas and lavash/flatbreads. In particular, three brands I like are: La Tortilla FactoryTumaros, and Flatout Flatbreads.

One of the problems a lower-carb dieter faces is a suitable pasta; Dreamfields Pasta contains just 5 grams of digestible carbs per serving. (I'm particularly partial to the linguine product.) I have also tried Shirataki  konjac flour noodles, which are zero calorie and high in soluble fiber, e.g., Miracle Noodle or Konjac Foods. (One of my favorite light meals was to eat some Bela-Olhão sardines [see below] (hot sauce variety) with konjac noodles.)

I recently mentioned some whole-grain cracker products I've purchased at Sam's Club (i.e., Special K and Crunchmaster Multi-Grain crackers). One brand I became aware of due to a Men's Health 2009 nutrition award is Dr. Kracker. I'm intrigued by the Klassic 3-Seed, Pumpkin Seed, and Seeded Spelt varieties, with a blend of whole grains and seeds, yielding decent amounts of protein and fiber grams.

Meat/Fish


I love SmartChicken; I first tried the air-chilled, veg-fed whole chickens when my Columbia Safeway carried them. I haven't found them stocked lately, at least in more local supermarkets, but I have placed an occasional online order. A periodic item on my Sam's Club shopping list is a box of Morey's marinated, seasoned wild Alaskan salmon fillets. I have been a regular customer of Laura's Lean Beef. When I was a member of BJ's Wholesale Club, I was a regular purchaser of their ground buffalo 2-lb. packages; my local Safeway is now carrying buffalo (although at a stiff $7/lb). I've occasionally been able to find venison at Trader Joe's.

Eggs are a wonderful source of protein, and I eat at least one a day. I'm a frequent purchaser of Eggland's Best (which have more Omega 3's, fewer calories, less saturated fat and cholesterol, and more vitamin E than regular eggs.) I'll occasionally fry a couple of eggs in olive oil over easy, accompanied by a whole wheat bagel.

I'm also interested in grass-fed meats, which are a little pricey. I did have a positive transaction with a small business delivering locally to the Baltimore/DC suburbs. Tropical Traditions, an online vendor from which I've purchased virgin coconut oil during my low-carb days, has family-farm suppliers for grass-fed beef, bison, and lamb and pastured poultry, but I have not placed a transaction yet. The big issues with these often nutritionally-superior meats (e.g., more CLA and Omega 3's, lower saturated fat) are high prices reflecting limited production capacity and availability, not to mention shipping charges. When Safeway recently put 90% lean ground beef on sale for under $3/lb or regular whole fryers at just under 60 cents a pound, it's hard to justify justify the purchase of premium meats on an incremental nutrition/cost basis.


I'm a big believer in cold-water fish, so you'll find my pantry well-stocked with canned fish (tuna, sardines, salmon, and mackerel). There are a few things I particularly check for: the source/age of the fish, the nature of the packing (e.g., water or oil) and the sodium level. I generally prefer younger, smaller fish (less exposure to mercury contamination), wild-caught, water-packed cans (or anything other than polyunsaturated vegetable oils, e.g., olive oil, tomato/hot sauce, and mustard), and lower sodium.There are two brands I have purchased, prefer and highly recommend: Bela-Olhão sardines and Wild Planet tuna. [For some reason, the Bela products seem out of stock; Blue Galleon, the parent company, has not posted an explanation, and my own emails have gone unacknowledged. As I write, their Facebook page is still up (with a last posting in early mid-December 2008). I found a blog posting from a coop in late July saying the product was back in stock, noting unconfirmed rumors of insolvency and bankruptcy. However, I've only seen one vendor through Google Products claiming to take orders.]

Additives and Sweeteners

I've on a number of occasions purchased green foods like chlorella and spirulina, e.g., adding a serving  to V-8 juice. I like the idea of blended superfoods, and one such product I've recently purchased is Garden of Life Perfect Food, which include not only the above algae, but other source extracts, including grasses and veggie juices. Another Garden of Life product I'm using, e.g., to supplement my breakfast cereal,  is Super Seed, a high-fiber blend of chia and flaxseed and various sprouted grains, legumes, and other seeds.

I mentioned in a previous post that I'm a frequent purchaser of stevia extract powder, which I use primarily to sweeten my iced tea blend of black, green and decaffeinated teas. One of the interesting new trends I've seen recently is combining soluble fiber with a naturally low- or zero-calorie sweetener. One such product I recently purchased is Sweet Fiber, which combines the fiber of inulin (from chicory roots) and the no-calorie sweetner from monk fruit; the company claims that the soluble fiber in 3 servings of Sweet Fiber is equal to the amount of soluble fiber in a bowl of oatmeal. I've been sweetening every other cup of coffee with Sweet Fiber.

Miscellaneous Items

As an IT professional, I've had more pizza than I care to remember working evenings or weekends (although during my low-carb phase, I turned it down on a number of occasions). I'm intrigued by newer introductions like whole wheat or flatbread crusts (which cut down on an obscene number of carbs). South Beach brand individual pizzas have a whole wheat blended crust yielding about 25 net carb grams; my principal complaint is a limited variety. My favorite frozen pizza has to be the Lean Cuisine Margherita Pizza, with tomato bits and sauce, extra virgin olive oil, basil, and lower-fat cheese. (I would prefer a thinner, whole grain crust, especially with net carbs peaking 40, but the toppings make this pizza glorious.)

I have mentioned elsewhere that (like most lower-carb dieters) I really like Emerald Cocoa Roast Almonds. Almonds are an amazing food, packed with protein, vitamin E,  a variety of important minerals like calcium and potassium, and a good source of heart-healthy monounsaturated fat, i.e., lowers LDL cholesterol. Macadamia nuts are also a good source of monounsaturated fat, walnuts are known as a source of ALA (Omega-3), and Brazil nuts are re-nown as a source of selenium. So quite often I prefer to purchase or blend a variety of raw/unsalted nuts. However, one must carefully ration his or her portion of nuts because of the caloric density. I'm also a purchaser of a variety of nut butters, preferring more natural brands with a minimal number of additional ingredients.

A key ingredient of the Emerald Cocoa Roast Almonds, of course, is dark chocolate, another health-healthy food. I have been a repeat purchaser of Lindt Excellence 85% Cocoa bars, although I restrict myself to 2 squares per serving.

Wednesday, September 2, 2009

Bodybuilders and Diets: Insights to Struggling Dieters

Some of us question the credibility of a number of different sources on our path to healthy weight loss: Do we believe health care professionals, even the new Surgeon General, many of whom are poor role models (i.e., overweight, smokers, etc.)? Do we believe weight-fluctuating TV talk show hosts, or nutritionists and trainers looking to hawk personal services, a book or a website? Do we follow the low-fat paradigm which has dominated the diet industry since the 70's, which has been accompanied by an increasing proportion of the US population being overweight, with a proliferation of low-fat products which may not, in fact, be low-calorie (e.g., a company could simply substitute carbohydrates, such as sugar, for fats)?

Before going further, let me note that I am speaking of diets in a general sense. Obviously people with specific dietary constraints for serious health conditions, e.g., organ disease, diabetes, lactose-intolerance, Celiac disease, various food allergies, etc., should eat in a manner consistent with medical advice.

One of the ways we learn is by emulating the example of someone whose performance we admire. For example, a young golfer may try to emulate Tiger Woods' swing, and a swimmer mimics Michael Phelps' strokes. In my case, I attempted to implement the swing and batting stance of my favorite baseball player, Hall of Fame home run slugger Harmon Killebrew.

So how do we apply this within the context of  weight loss? Well, of course formerly overweight celebrity athletes, entertainers and actresses promote prepared food programs by vendors like Jenny Craig and Nutrisystem; we do know that (whether or not it's fair), appearance is a factor in the entertainment field. What about nearly emaciated models? For me, they often look frail, not in robust health. Even some professional athletes have not been not in the best shape (e.g., baseball icon Babe Ruth, football player William "Refrigerator" Perry, and wrestler Dusty Rhodes). No, I would argue that the best role model would have a well-toned, fit body: in particular, competitive bodybuilders.

I have admired bodybuilders for their extraordinary discipline and detailed eating and training regimen leading to competition; they know exactly when, how frequently,  how much and what to eat; there is a purpose for everything that goes into their bodies.  They know how to tweak their diets to deal with plateaus and to lower their body fat for competition. I have learned a lot about nutrition simply by reading some bodybuilding forums (e.g., posted diets) and reviewing products sold by bodybuilding and health web superstores.

My interest in the bodybuilding regimen was not based on the example of Arnold Schwarzenegger or an interest in various competitions; rather, it stems from a project I was on in the Chicago area in the 1990's working with another Oracle DBA whom also was an amateur bodybuilder. This guy was so motivated to help me out with eating the right way he offered to give me $100 if I would go home and throw out everything in my refrigerator and freezer. (I turned down his offer but did listen to his advice.) I learned, for instance, that he had a small bowl of olive oil during his meals in which to dip his bread, thus impressing the fact that fat is not inherently bad but a necessary food; he also introduced me to products like EAS Myoplex (nutrition shake mix).

One of the best-written, most intrinsically interesting books I've come across and purchased on nutrition and weight loss is from a natural (non-steroid) bodybuilder named Tom Venudo; he sells an e-book called "Burn the Fat Feed the Muscle: Fat Burning Secrets of the World's Best Bodybuilders and Fitness Models".  I will not summarize what he writes here, but for example he discusses the bodybuilder strategy of carbohydrate cycling, caloric density, scanning ingredient labels of  foods, including nutrition bars (e.g., for sugar content), different types and dietary significance of carbohydrates (fibrous, starch, etc.), the relevance of the glycemic index to a specific diet [the glycemic index is a tool which attempts to measure the nature of individual foods to raise blood sugar], a daily strategy on the nature and timing of carbohydrate consumption, the thermogenic nature of protein consumption (versus carbohydrates and fats) and so-called negative-calorie foods,  tailoring carbohydrate consumption to body type, and the pros and cons of sustained low-carb dieting. I found affirmation for some of the same concerns I had with certain aspects of a strict low-carb regimen, including nutrition balance and the gimmicky nature of the induction period which promotes a motivating but artificial early weight loss by zapping water-dense glycogen (energy stores) in muscles and the liver.

Dieters often search for simple rules--low-fat or low-carbs. Certainly food product manufacturers understand that and market their products accordingly. But these rules must be interpreted in the context of overall dietary goals and objectives. For example, a certain amount of fat is necessary to facilitate the body's absorption of fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E and K). Many Americans don't get enough brain-nourishing Omega-3 fats (e.g., cold-water fish) or heart-healthy monounsaturated fats (e.g., olive oil and nuts) in their diets. On the other hand, carbohydrates are a preferred energy source for brain functioning and movement and, in some foods, a key source of heart-healthy soluble fiber. Buying certain foods, e.g., nutritionally-vacuous pork rinds because they contain zero carbs, is a poor choice in calorie utilization, of maximizing basic nutritional coverage in one's daily diet.

One of the problems I've found as a dieter is that there is a lot of information in books and online to learn about diet and nutrition in a piecemeal fashion. You can find multiple websites, for instance, critiquing various diets, but quite often the criticisms are not independent. The nice thing about Venuto's book is that it provides both a conceptual model of how all of these items work together and a summary of practical advice distilled from his own search and trial-and-error experience of what works and doesn't work over his years in competition; instead of reinventing the wheel, we are able to leverage the knowledge of someone whom also started from ground zero. I would suggest, before my fellow dieters throw away good money after dietary supplements that don't work, the latest diet book which will be in the bargain bins a year from now, or gimmicky diet foods, they invest a little money in fundamentally understanding what goes on in one of the few things all people share in common--the need to eat.